Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2011 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 4 Articles
The diabetic foot syndrome is a major health problem associated with diabetic patients. Diabetic foot syndrome is a manifestation of delayed wound healing mainly due to neuropathy and ischemia. Wound healing involves a complex interplay among immune cells, growth factors, and cytokines in cascade which gets disturbed in diabetic condition. Diabetes is characterized by immune dysfunction playing pivotal role in delayed wound healing in diabetic foot which is responsible even for infections in diabetic patients. In consideration to understand the wound healing process, it is essential to look into the involvement of immunological aspects in diabetic condition and which can prove as an important key towards development of a better efficacious pharmacotherapy for diabetic wound care....
: Glaucoma is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder of the eye. However, the mechanism leading to the disease is still unclear. Increased intraocular pressure and subsequent retinal ganglion cell death leading to the loss of visual field characterizes the pathology of primary open angle glaucoma, which is the most common form. Possible factors leading to glaucoma include glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, nitric oxide based damage, disruption of neurotrophic factor transport and immune-induced neurodestruction. Glaucoma is a common eye disease that is usually associated with an elevated intraocular pressure. Treatment options for patients with glaucoma include medications, laser therapy, and incisional surgery. The risks and benefits of each type of treatment must be carefully considered to maximize the treatment’s benefits while minimizing adverse effects....
Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy in which there is an acquired loss of retinal ganglion cells at levels beyond normal age-related loss and corresponding atrophy of the optic nerve. Although there are many existing treatments, glaucoma is a chronic condition. The objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of dosage form and cost effective analysis with glaucoma. Development of new drug candidates and novel delivery techniques for treatment of ocular diseases has recently accelerated. Treatment of anterior-segment diseases has witnessed advances in prodrug formulations and permeability enhancers. Intravitreal, subconjunctival, and periocular routes of administration and sustained-release formulations of nanoparticles and microparticles, as well as nonbiodegradable and biodegradable implants to deliver drugs to the posterior segment of the eye, are becoming popular therapeutic approaches....
The effectiveness of infertility treatments are still questioned particularly the assisted conception methods because of their complexity and cost. Furthermore, pregnancies often occurs independent of treatment but many treatments have not been properly evaluated. The most basic audit of outcome with or without treatment requires pregnancy and preferably birth rates to be calculated in a cycle-specific and/or time-specific way; cumulative rates are the preferable method of calculation, in order to account for the usual tendency for fecundity to fall progressively. The choice of treatment usually depends on a balance of the chances of conceiving with or without treatment, and with more or less complicated treatments, and on other factors such as duration of infertility and the woman's age. This review aims to address those choices by assessing the actual and comparative effectiveness of treatments insofar as there are well defined and strictly comparable time-specific or cycle-specific published data available. Cumulative rates are described wherever possible and presented graphically for easy reference....
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